Question Of Homelessness in New York - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1556 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Homelessness Essay Did you like this example? There is said to have been many ways to describe and understand what exactly homelessness is. The basic understanding of homelessness is a state of being in which a person lacks the basic right of having housing. With this being said, there are several ways in which this definition can become something to branch off of and be elaborated on . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Question Of Homelessness in New York" essay for you Create order An individual who lacks their own permanent housing but is living within a temporary facility such as a shelter or even group home can be categorized as homelessness. Within the state of New York City, homelessness is seen to be such a growing epidemic and continues to be a prominent social issue. In fact, it is said that homelessness in New York City as reached skyrocketing numbers since the Great Depression which occured in the 1930s. According to research, In October of 2018, there were 63,559 homeless people, including 15,572 homeless families with 23,136 homeless children, sleeping each night in New York City municipal shelter system. Families make up three-quarters of the homeless shelter population.(Coalition for the homeless). Studies show that homeless is linked to many factors such as mental illness, low-paying jobs, and drug use. Studies show that 30% of all homeless individuals are current victims of at least one mental illness, and while 70% make up the population thats drug users. With all of the current budgets, statistics, and proven facts, it is extremely prevalent and obvious that homelessness is a serious matter and is something that needs to be addressed with extreme urgency. According to the Bowery Mission, a ministry based organization that focuses on serving the homeless and hungry New Yorker population, states that In a city of 8.5 million people, nearly 1 in every 128 New Yorkers is currently homeless. But only 1 out of every 17 of these individuals is visible to the eye. With this being said, this shows that homelessness has no face, nor do they look a particular way. Homelessness affects individuals of all ages, all ethnicities , an cultures. When we link homelessness to historical events in the past, they link with the deinstitutionalization movement along with the single- resident occupancy housing market(Durham, 2010). The Deinstitutionalization movement was a government based policy that was said to remove mentally ill patients whom were being treated in insane asylums, out into the general community. In results of this emerg into the general community, not only were individuals going without the proper treatment, but because their mental illness served as a barrier for them to obtain housing, they became apart of the homeless population. About 200,000 of individuals who live in the New York State, whom suffer from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are said to be homeless. The primary purpose of this entire movement of discharging these individuals into the community, was because the government was having extreme budget cuts. With this act, now individuals whom were homeless, now end up in jails and prisons. It is said that 16% of inmates were severely mentally ill. It is said that there are more than three times as much people whom suffer with mental illness in jails and prison facilities then th ere are in hospitals. Following the deinstitutionalization movement, with the number of psychiatric centers holding patients across the New York State decreased significantly between the early 1960s to the late 1970s. Obviously one of the major outcomes of this movement was that individuals were not receiving the proper support they needed or treatment at that. This is where the single resident occupancy units came into play. Property tax and gentrification policies financially incentivized people who owned SRO buildings to convert SRO units into expensive cooperatives, rental-housing, and condominiums. This turn of events led to the decline of SRO housing which went on for several decades thereby limiting the access to affordable housing. (The Balance , 2000). Which again , gave individuals no other option but to turn to the streets and become homeless. In New York state, minorities groups in the United States experience homelessness at such higher statistics than other demographics. With this being said, African Americans and Latino New Yorkers are disproportionately affected by homelessness. When linked to past history, slavery and even segregation have proven that African Americans have been denied the basics of opportunities and equal rights. With the constant battle of constant discrimination, this topic correlates with the higher rates of poverty , lack of housing , being in prison system, and lastly lack of health care. As history repeats itself, African American households are more likely to experience higher rates of poverty when compared to white new yorkers. Because blacks are more likely to live in areas of high poverty, these means that these particular areas have limited financial and economic opportunities, lack of community resources, and higher poor educational systems. African Americans within history have been pro ven to have go work ten times harder due to racism within society, but it makes it even more difficult for them to be successful and beat the odds when they have some many barriers and obstacles in their way. According to studies done by the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development , people of color were often shown fewer rental units, offered higher rents, and denied more leases than Whites. Rents and minimal wage growth within NY have put a huge weight on households with a limited amount of resources. 60% of New Yorkers say they dont have enough emergency savings to cover at least 3 months worth of expenses such as food and rent. And nearly 20% of New York City residents already live below the poverty line (earning less than $24,300 for a family of four). With that being said, trying to create a system in which wages are increased to help families and individuals maintain a more stable financial control over their life expenses including rent can potentially help decrease the numbers of homeless individuals in New York. Studies have shown that one of the main causes of homelessness especially when it comes to families, is the lack of affordable housing. So another proposal would be to work on the current affordable housing policies within New York and implement new strategies to increase individuals/families ability to have a home. An increase in wages, as well as the city seeking a more stabilized population of homeless individuals by creating new shelters and providing more resources to help individuals not only gain housing but as well as grow independence so that they can maintain a living. Implementing systems such as rental aid for individuals who may be need the help, can provide temporary financial assistance as well as encourage those to know that this aid is only for a limited time. This can provide the needed motivation and again help families and individuals gain that sense of independence knowing theyre working to have a better life to one day be able to provide for themselves. Also to help these individuals gain work experience, it is imperative that the government create budgets to provide resources that focus on low-skilled individuals who maybe lack prior education history, gain the basic skills and more, to help them get on their feet and work . This gives New Yorkers the ability to again work for their own, and feel that theyre not solely depending on the state to get them through this hardship. Of Course individuals need to fit into certain criteria in order to be selected for programs as such, but creating this criterias can motivate individuals to do right, align themselves on a better path, and hopefully gain their deserved independence. Overall when we look at America as a whole collective, we possess enormous amounts of riches. With this being said, America let alone New York State has the ability to bring an end to this growing epidemic. Not only should budgets to decrease homelessness be implemented, but also to provide community based resources that focus on helping individuals stray away from even becoming apart of the statistics. We see that those whom are unemployed, those who own homes that are in foreclosure, those whom are in and out of the prison system , and youth whom are in the foster system ; so focusing on these groups and providing not only guidance and resources that can educate these people on taking proper steps , can help on the path to decreasing these numbers. It is obvious that homelessness is something that will not be abolished overnight. However with much dedicated time, effort, this social welfare issue can decrease enormously . If proposals discussed earlier, along with other programs become implemented, homelessness can decrease drastically. For individuals from NewYork who are homeless with no sort of steady income, it is exptremely imperative that the state provides these individuals with decent housing . At the end of the day, having a home is a human basic right, and no one should be subjected to terrible living conditions. It is important that New York authorities become extremely vigilant when evaluating people who do receive services such as shelters. Many people try to manipulate the system, while others who need the actual system are losing out on the opportunities to recieve the help they need. More focus is needed on those in a real sense, cannot afford housing on an independent level. Strict policies that focus on those whom are in extreme need of assitance can hep with this growing issue in New York State.

Role of Teacher - 1175 Words

PTLLS course May 2013 Evaluate your role of teacher/trainer explaining its responsibilities (including the promotion of equality and valuing diversity) and limits. A/1.2 A/1.3 A/1.4 There are 5 stages to the teaching Learning Cycle. Enabling Learning Planning Learning Assessing Learning Quality assurance amp; evaluation Identifying Learning The learning cycle can start and finish anywhere on the cycle. There is no start and finish point. Identifying needs Before the students start the course a lot of pre assessment work can be completed, this can take the form of application forms and / or a pre course interview. The student needs can be clearly identified to ensuring the correct course has been identified for the†¦show more content†¦age sex and then work out the percentages. The use of the correct language without using Jargon or in house terms will help not ostracize learners who do not know what the phrases may mean. As the lecturer is conducting a session it may be appropriate to modify the lesson plan that was scheduled to being delivered due to the speed of the class, a big class tends to take longer to cover topics than smaller classes, also other learning points may arise which are too important to pass over. The use of good listening techniques, not being judgmental and getting students to be reflective in their thoughts can be very powerful, e.g. asking other students what they think may be the answer to a question raised by a student. Asking open questions then closed to gain further understanding. Eye contact by the lecturer is also very important to engage everyone, although starring too much can be off putting.If any students are absent then the lecturer can ensure the student has access to missed learning content, e.g. all course notes and presentations are kept on the college’s intranet, accessible to all students at any time. Assessing Learning The lecturer will have to check at different stages that the students have gained the necessary skills and knowledge. There is a large array of methods of assessing learning, from getting the students toShow MoreRelatedThe Roles Of Teachers Teachers1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe roles of teachers I believe teachers play multiple roles that extend beyond the classroom. They take classes continuously, attend professional development sessions, and research new approaches to learning on their own time. These are done with the purpose of expanding their knowledge in teaching and to ensure that the school day runs smoothly for the entire class. For example, Mrs. Shuffield spend her breaks researching videos to enhance her writing and science lessons. This week, she presentedRead MoreRole of Teacher1229 Words   |  5 PagesRole of teacher Role of teacher Teachers play an important role in fostering the intellectual and social development of children during their formative years. 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No Increase by Natural Means on Caribbean Slave Plantations free essay sample

The Caribbean slave population before the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, was one that experienced significant and extensive demographic changes whereby said population may have moved from a ratio of more men to women or vice versa, or grew or decreased in numbers.In fact, in Barbados, in 1 764, there were 70, 706 slaves on the island, however, in 1783, after importations which totaled 41 ,840, the slave population was 62,258, 8,448 less than it was in 1764 (Williams). It is important to note that the Caribbean slave population generally did not increase by natural means. These natural means speaks off high birth rate and low mortality rate on the plantation whereby female slaves were reproducing and highly fertile and their babies survived.The absence of this particular natural population growth is largely due to the fact that slaves were relatively cheap, therefore emphasis was put on buying rather than breeding slaves before 1 807, also, the malnutrition which defined and co nstantly overshadowed life of the enslaved. On the plantation there was a general lack of or inadequate deiced care, especially that of prenatal and postnatal, there also was high mortality among infants and young children and many diseases that further deteriorated the life of the enslaved. Many of the enslaved had a profound difficulty in acclimatizing, that is that seasoning period wherein they adjusted to the new conditions in the Caribbean. The most telling cause of the lack of natural increase, however, is seen through the self-inflicted inhibited fertility and also said low fertility due to the distinctly traumatic experience of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and then their experience on the plantation itself. The demography of the plantation must also be taken into due consideration.Before the year 1 807, planters held fast and clung dearly to the belief that it was cheaper to buy slaves at EYE per head, than it was to breed them on the plantations (Williams). They thought that natural increase would only result in lost productivity and profits in caring for the child and the mother, in the womens inability to maintain the pace of work required during their pregnancy and their need for recovery time after child-birth (Paton).It is therefore quite easy to see why the slave population experienced no natural Roth, for it is certain that the slave holders were only and always thinking of economic gain, and if y realized or believed that something-natural increase- could have reduced their profits significantly, they would have discouraged or more likely banned it with serious punishments for disobedience.Such were relationships on the plantation between slaves that may have led to pregnancy, unwanted by the planters. Planters sought to save and gain money where and how ever possible, at all times, therefore the fact that slaves were victims of malnutrition, is not even slightly surprising at all. In fact it is somewhat expected. This malnutrition affected the entire enslaved population but it especially took extremely draconian tolls on the female slaves and those who were pregnant.These pregnant women ate not for one but for two, but considering the fact that before-hand, slaves were not given enough food, the little they received, void of much protein, starch and fat, it was nearly impossible to ensure that the unborn child received sufficient nutrients. According to Virginia and Kenneth Kipped, due to this abysmal Vitamin A and Thiamine deficient diet, the fertility ate on plantations were extremely low and mortality rate rather high for there were miscarriages, still-births, the death of mother and or child during pregnancy or birth.Despite this impediment to natural increase, it is importan t to note that the enslaved who had the provision grounds, established in 1662 in Curaà §ao were the most healthy for it was a supplement to plantation rations and it provided food to sell and trade for vegetables, meat or livestock-pigs and chickens. According to Humphrey Lamar, low birth rates had been observed in Curaà §ao in the years of bad harvest and this illustrates a direct relation of nutrition to fertility. When sic is taken into consideration, the fact that slave diets were more often than not poor and deficient is a clear and distinct cause of the absence of natural increase. Plantations had little to no medical care, especially that of prenatal and postnatal. There were no hospitals or nurses and it was extremely difficult to have a baby born healthy and keep him thus afterwards/ One must note that there were indeed plantations like Worthy Park in Jamaica, 1 767, that had doctors.However, these doctors were ignorant of the etiology of tropical sissies and said ignorance contributed nothing to effective treatment or curing of the diseases, but often made matters worse (Carton). It is easy to assume therefore that babies and young children often died due to this lack of effective medical treatment for whatever fatal diseases they possessed, thus contributing to the factors accountable for the absence of increase by natural means on Caribbean slave plantations.The amelioration legislati on, 1787, passed in all British West Indian colonies should have largely improved life of the enslaved on plantations, however towards the end of slavery, the effects of any improvements were offset by the decline in plantation profits, which made masters more inclined to work their slaves harder and spend less on their upkeep and care (Carton). This lack of expenditure for bettering the care and health on the plantation prevented increase by natural means. The afore-mentioned malnutrition and lack of medical care greatly increased mortality among infants and young children.Already having an immune system, not fully developed, put together with a lack of nutrients essential to a healthy and long life and little or no medical care that could adequately retreat fatal diseases, the little ones on the plantations suffered greatly. Associated with this mortality rate were also the unsanitary conditions of many slave quarters, on the one hand, and West African practices such as packing the stump with mud, on the other hand guaranteed a high black as opposed to white death rate from disease (Kipped).Many mothers committed infanticide, strangling or stifling their child, refusing to nurse, feed or care for the baby, or even aborting the unborn child. Maybe it was due to a sort of insanity and mental illness or just that the women recognized that slavery as definitely no place for a baby. One must note that it is obviously impossible for increa se by natural means if sexual relations between men and women do not result in babies that do not grow and survive past their majority. Disease tremendously impeded increase by natural means on the plantations. Michael Carton posits that if the debilitating effects of deficient of diet and less crippling than hookworm are included, nearly all slaves were subjected to tropical ailments which lowered their efficiency, fertility and enjoyment of life. The diseases like yaws, joyful-neonatal tetanus which was major infant killer, were all related to malnutrition and severely unhygienic conditions on the plantation. All these things co-existing in one place was like a plague, wiping out many infants and even adults.Kipped proffers that neonatal tetanus has been credited with carrying off about one quarter of all slave infants within their first two weeks of life. He also puts across the idea that Beriberi, a nutritional disease, affected the demographic history of West Indian slave populations due to infant mortality. Such concepts are simple enough to grasp for these diseases lowered fertility and increased mortality dates on the plantation. Kipped says that the mortality rate on Cuban plant ations was between 60 and 75 per cent. The enslaved Africans, on arrival to the West Indies were always in poor health, suffering from measles and small pox, relatively starving after rations of dried grain and dirty water for five weeks or in some cases nearly three months. These weak bodied and sometimes feeble minded Africans were taken to the plantations to recover from all that ailed them so that they could commence the labor they were bought and brought to do. This recovery time, better known as the seasoning period lasted months or even up to here years for the enslaved.It was the period of time wherein the enslaved would become adjusted to working and living conditions on the plantations in the New World, or succumb to them and perish. Hilary Buckles estimates that 33 per cent of the new enslaved people to die within the first three years of being on the islands. This was as a result of exposure to all manner of tropical diseases that they could not accustom themselves to. Many often had psychological issues. If said diseases did not kill them, the eventually killed themselves.This seasoning period hindered reproductive behavior and actively affected fertility, thereby provoking a standstill in increase by natural means on the plantation. The enslaved women on the plantation, to prevent themselves from becoming pregnant, according to Deborah G. White may have used some form of birth control or abortion in order to bar any child from the tumultuous life that was slavery. She however posits that this cannot be a sure thing but planters thought that the woman did indeed utilize some preventative measure.It is important to note that constantly having abortions lowers fertility and to such an extent that women can no longer become regnant. After the extremely traumatizing and horrid experience of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade wherein death, starvation and disease were usual aspects of the Middle Passage, and then the same of similar experiences on the plantation, it is rather easy to assume that female slaves were conscious of the horrors on the mind and body that the system of chattel slavery could have inflicted upon the children, also the separation and demolition of the family unit and unhappiness that were direct results of slavery. They therefore were wary of bringing a child into such an environment, such a life, n which freedom was no guarantee. Humphrey Lamar gives a little insight into the daily life on the plantation. He suggests that sugar estates producing for the world market, where heavy, physically demanding labor and long working hours usually prevent slave fertility from rising. He compares said sugar estates in Surname to the conditions in Curaà §ao and such a statement is self-explanatory for it clearly shows why Caribbean slave population underwent increase by natural means. Small coffee plantations and mountain pens, estates like Worthy Park in vicious highland, according to Carton, had lower mortality rate than populations in swampy low lands, especially sugar plantations which were extremely cramped and labor intensive.Such conditions were not conducive to increase by natural means, healthy slaves, pregnant women and little children especially. In conclusion, the reasons why the Caribbean sla ve population generally did not increase by natural means before 1807 are extremely deep-rooted and closely related one to the other. Such increase was hindered by the fact that slaves were cheap and planters put emphasis n buying rather than breeding them before 1807.The malnutrition and lack of or inadequate medical care- pre natal and post natal that slaves were subjected to is quite telling in itself, for as humans, they required the necessary nutrients for healthy lives. The high mortality among infants and young children, the diseases, the difficulty slaves faced in acclimatizing or during the seasoning period, the self-inflicted inhibited fertility and low fertility due to the never-ending traumas of the entire slavery process and demography all operated hand in hand with each other.